This brief article describes the historical contexts in which two types of cipher (code), the shift and the substitution cipher were used. The math concepts involved are substitution, inverse operations and letter frequency analysis.

Create a play activity outside for your child(ren) with a variety of options.  Gather the materials such as bubbles, kites, chalk, jump ropes, hula hoops, a ball to kick or bounce, etc.  Ask them to plan where they would like to play.  Talk about the amount of space they may need to play safely without interrupting others.  

This video segment adapted from Northwest Indian College reveals how Native American life and knowledge is connected to natural cycles.

Seven Daughters and Seven Sons is the retelling of a traditional Arabic tale in which a young woman disguises herself as a man and opens up a shop in a distant city in order to help her impoverished family. Her disguise causes her many complications but she eventually succeeds in redeeming the family fortunes and finding her true love. Students will learn aspects of Middle East culture and geography through reading the book.

In this lesson, students will learn to analyze maps to compare and contrast how Utah's territory has changed throughout history.

Showing appreciation for a person or organization with your students has never been easier with Google Slides.

This segment from American Experience: Simple Justice captures the legal issues and opening arguments in Brown v. Board of Education.

These activities will teach and instill a respect for the American flag, the pledge of allegiance, liberty bell, statue of liberty, the bald eagle, and other patriotic symbols.

Sissieretta Jones was heralded as one of the greatest singers of her generation and a pioneer in the operatic tradition at a time when access to most classical concert halls in the U.S. were closed to Black performers and patrons. Learn more about this trailblazing classical performer in this video from Unladylike2020. Support materials include discussion questions, vocabulary, research extension tips, and a newspaper analysis activity.

Sensitive: This resource contains material that may be sensitive for some students. Teachers should exercise discretion in evaluating whether this resource is suitable for their class.

After learning about Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad, students will participate in the Underground railroad experiment on the National Geographic web site.Enduring Understanding:Global trade and cultural exchanges alter the lives of people around the world.

Students will select a social or political movement of the 20th century (e.g. woman's movement, civil rights movement) to research and share what they learned with their classmates.Enduring Understanding:The U.S. emerged as a world influence through the contributions of individual groups, movements, and events.

Find strategies and activities that you can use in the classroom that tie directly to the Early learning Preschool core standards.

In this video segment from Religion & Ethics Newsweekly, view the reactions of citizens from Lewiston, Maine as Somali immigrants settle in their community.

This article talks about the origins of our number system and the important roles zero plays in it. The author informs the reader that the early number systems of the Egyptians, the Babylonians, the Romans and Greeks were developed for counting but not for calculations. Not until we had a base ten number system with place value and a symbol for zero did our number system become useful.

People make the past come alive as students research and then share stories about famous Americans who promoted democratic ideals.